PacMan

pacman is a utility which manages software packages in Linux. It uses simplecompressed files as a package format, and maintains a text-based packagedatabase (more of a hierarchy), just in case some hand tweaking is necessary.

PacMan

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pacman does not strive to "do everything." It will add, remove and upgradepackages in the system, and it will allow you to query the package database forinstalled packages, files and owners. It also attempts to handle dependenciesautomatically and can download packages from a remote server.

Version 2.0 of pacman introduced the ability to sync packages (the --syncoption) with a master server through the use of package databases. Prior tothis, packages would have to be installed manually using the --add and--upgrade operations.

Development of pacman is currently done in Git. The central repository ishosted by Arch Linux, although some of the developers have their own trees (askon the above mailing lists if you are interested in finding the locations ofthese trees).

If you are interested in hacking on pacman, it is highly recommended you jointhe mailing list mentioned above, as well as take a quick glance at ourHACKING document.submitting-patches is also a recommended read.

If you find bugs (which is quite likely), please email them to the pacman-devmailing last at pacman-dev@archlinux.org with specific informationsuch as your command-line, the nature of the bug, and even the package databaseif it helps.

Invoking pacman involves specifying an operation with any potential options andtargets to operate on. A target is usually a package name, file name, URL, ora search string. Targets can be provided as command line arguments.Additionally, if stdin is not from a terminal and a single hyphen (-) is passedas an argument, targets will be read from stdin.

Synchronize packages. Packages are installed directly from the remote repositories, including all dependencies required to run the packages. For example, pacman -S qt will download and install qt and all the packages it depends on. If a package name exists in more than one repository, the repository can be explicitly specified to clarify the package to install: pacman -S testing/qt. You can also specify version requirements: pacman -S "bash>=3.2". Quotes are needed, otherwise the shell interprets ">" as redirection to a file.

In addition to packages, groups can be specified as well. For example, ifgnome is a defined package group, then pacman -S gnome will provide aprompt allowing you to select which packages to install from a numbered list.The package selection is specified using a space- and/or comma-separated list ofpackage numbers. Sequential packages may be selected by specifying the firstand last package numbers separated by a hyphen (-). Excluding packages isachieved by prefixing a number or range of numbers with a caret (^).

Packages that provide other packages are also handled. For example, pacman -Sfoo will first look for a foo package. If foo is not found, packages thatprovide the same functionality as foo will be searched for. If any package isfound, it will be installed. A selection prompt is provided if multiple packagesproviding foo are found.

You can also use pacman -Su to upgrade all packages that are out-of-date. SeeSync Options below. When upgrading, pacman performs version comparisonto determine which packages need upgrading. This behavior operates as follows:

Check dependencies; this is useful in scripts such as makepkg to check installed packages. This operation will check each dependency specified and return a list of dependencies that are not currently satisfied on the system. This operation accepts no other options. Example usage: pacman -T qt "bash>=3.2".

Specify an alternative database location (the default is /var/lib/pacman). This should not be used unless you know what you are doing. NOTE: If specified, this is an absolute path, and the root path is not automatically prepended.

Specify an alternative installation root (default is /). This should not be used as a way to install software into /usr/local instead of /usr. NOTE: If database path or log file are not specified on either the command line or in pacman.conf(5), their default location will be inside this root path. NOTE: This option is not suitable for performing operations on a mounted guest system. See --sysroot instead.

Specify an alternative package cache location (the default is /var/cache/pacman/pkg). Multiple cache directories can be specified, and they are tried in the order they are passed to pacman. NOTE: This is an absolute path, and the root path is not automatically prepended.

Specify a directory of files used by GnuPG to verify package signatures (the default is /etc/pacman.d/gnupg). This directory should contain two files: pubring.gpg and trustdb.gpg. pubring.gpg holds the public keys of all packagers. trustdb.gpg contains a so-called trust database, which specifies that the keys are authentic and trusted. NOTE: This is an absolute path, and the root path is not automatically prepended.

Specify a alternative directory containing hook files (the default is /etc/pacman.d/hooks). Multiple hook directories can be specified with hooks in later directories taking precedence over hooks in earlier directories. NOTE: This is an absolute path, and the root path is not automatically prepended.

Remove packages that are no longer installed from the cache as well as currently unused sync databases to free up disk space. When pacman downloads packages, it saves them in a cache directory. In addition, databases are saved for every sync DB you download from and are not deleted even if they are removed from the configuration file pacman.conf(5). Use one --clean switch to only remove packages that are no longer installed; use two to remove all files from the cache. In both cases, you will have a yes or no option to remove packages and/or unused downloaded databases.

Pass this option twice to enable package downgrades; in this case, pacman willselect sync packages whose versions do not match with the local versions. Thiscan be useful when the user switches from a testing repository to a stable one.

Download a fresh copy of the master package database from the server(s) defined in pacman.conf(5). This should typically be used each time you use --sysupgrade or -u. Passing two --refresh or -y flags will force a refresh of all package databases, even if they appear to be up-to-date.

Tools to more conveniently perform tasks associated with add-on packages. pacman conveniently wraps library and package related functions and names them in an intuitive and consistent fashion. It seeks to combine functionality from lower level functions which can speed up workflow.

devkitPro provided tools and libraries are managed by the rather wonderful Arch Linux pacman. We provide our own binaries as .pkg for OSX and via our own apt repository for debian based linux distributions. On Fedora you can obtain pacman using the command sudo dnf install pacman and edit the pacman configuration files as you would for Arch based linux distros , and pre-existing msys2 installs. We also provide an installer for 64bit windows which sets up a customised msys2 install already set up with the devkitPro packages.Unfortunately msys2 are no longer supporting 32bit and we advise moving to 64 bit if at all possible. You can still obtain the 32bit msys2 installer and follow the manual instructions below.

For Gentoo emerge sys-apps/pacman then edit /etc/pacman.conf and set RootDir = /. For gentoo & Fedora run pacman-key --init then follow the customising existing pacman instructions below.

Note: These instructions are for systems which come with pacman already installed i.e. Arch or Msys2. Do Not follow these instructions if you have dkp-pacman or used the devkitPro installer

For users already using a distro which provides pacman please follow these instructions. This also applies to Fedora and Gentoo below as well as users who wish to use an existing msys2 install. If you're using a pre-existing msys2 install run the commands without sudo. Please also set environment variables as follows :-

The customised pacman we ship for OSX and debian based distros is entirely self-contained within /opt/devkitpro/pacman. To avoid polluting the system and avoid clashes with system tools or games which may share the same name as pacman binaries we install helper scripts in /usr/local/bin which temporarily set path and forward to the custom binaries. This means you substitute dkp-pacman for pacman on those systems. Do not add /opt/devkitpro/pacman/bin to your system path, this will cause issues.

Manjaro's package manager, Pamac ships with most Manjaro editions. All Manjaro editions include pacman, the package manager from upstream Arch Linux. Pacman includes some advanced features not found in Pamac.

To search the Manjaro repositories for available packages you can use the command pacman -Ss keyword. It will search both the package name and the description for the keyword. For example, to search for packages containing the keyword smplayer you could use:

To install a software package, the basic syntax is pacman -S packagename. However, installing a package without updating the system will lead to a partial upgrade situation so all the examples here will use pacman -Syu packagename which will install the package and ensure the system is up to date. For example, to install smplayer the command is:

Pacman can also directly install packages from the local system or a location on the internet. The format of that command is pacman -U packagelocation. For example, to install a copy of your package cache you could do something like:

Sometimes when you try to remove a package you will not be able to because there are other packages which depend on it. You can use pacman -Rc packagename to remove a package and everything that depends on it. Be careful to heed the above warning when using this option. 041b061a72